This investigation discusses the findings on analysis results of a pavement structure constructed on a relatively expansive material consisting mainly of brown clayey silt in Tebessa, Algeria. Cores were taken to laboratory from a piece of roadwork. Remolded samples were taken from subgrade of a deteriorated road. The soils were generally found to be of medium plasticity and of a medium to high expansion potential. Oedometer test for free swell indicated a constant volume pressure that produced stress in excess of 350 kN/m2. The following involves description of the behavioral characteristics of expansive soil as it relates to flexible pavements. Computer code Plaxis 8.2 was used for numerical simulation to check the behavior of structure pavement with three models in pavement structure, and free expansion test was performed to calibrate the soil subgrade with Soft-Soil Model. The results showed that the combined model Mohr-Coulomb in the pavement structure and the Soft-Soil in subgrade accord perfectly with deformations taken on the existing pavement. To stabilize the swelling character of subgrade, an adequate surcharge pressure is used according to the procedure described in the paper. It showed that after 9 months, the deformations have been stabilized at -0.007 m without any cracks in the pavement.

For an asymptotically non-expansive self-mapping T, we will prove the strong convergence of {xn} defined by xn+1 = (1−an−bn)xn+anu+bnTnxn, xn+1 = anu+(1−an)Tnxn, whenever {bn}, {an}Ì (0,1) satisfy (C1) limn®¥ an=0, (C2) S¥n=0 =¥ (C3) limn®¥ Kn-1/an = 0 or (C4) S¥n=0 (kn-1)<+¥ application, we also establish the strong convergence of the viscosity approximation schemes with a contraction ¦ given by xn+1 = anf (xn) + (1 −an)Tnxn and xn+1 = (1 −an− bn)xn+an f(xn) +bnTnxn.

This paper presents the swelling and consolidation characteristics of lignosulfonate (LS) stabilized expansive clay. Expansive clay samples of Amol city in Iran have been used in this research. Based on Atterberg limits and unconfined compressive strength tests, the optimum percentage of LS for the treatment of this clay was determined at 0. 75% by soil dry weight. To investigate the swelling and consolidation properties of untreated and LS-treated remolded samples, one-dimensional swell and consolidation tests were conducted on these samples. Test results showed that LS had considerable effect on the consolidation and swelling behavior of the expansive clay. Moreover, the effects of compaction water content change and cyclic wetting and drying on the volume change properties of unstabilized and LS-stabilized samples were investigated. Untreated and LS-treated specimens showed different consolidation behaviors towards the variations of compaction moisture content due to the alteration of soil expansivity category from high to moderate. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of samples showed that the soil specific area was reduced because of stabilization. This reduction in soil specific area led to the decrease of affinity of samples to moisture increase; thus, the volume change of expansive clay decreased.

Expansive soils have the tendency to more swelling, shrinking and compressibility by variation in soil-water interaction affecting the alteration in the bearing capacity of soil. There are several methods used to stabilize the soils and promote sustainable development in the construction industry. In this, soil stabilization is prime and efficient techniques to improve the strength by altering the physical characteristics of the soil. In addition, admixtures improved the chemical characteristics of soil and also attained stability by improving the bonding between the soil structures. Soil stabilization has been experimented by many researchers and successfully used in several field applications especially using cement, lime, ashes, chemicals etc. An alternative to these options mentioned is using natural cementitious material such as calcined clay as an admixture. This work focuses on the effect, the development of the strength properties of treated soils with varying percentages of calcined clay as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% under varying curing times. The enhanced strength behaviours of the expansive soil were determined by performing the unconfined compression test and also the microstructural studies like SEM and XRD for the selected samples. The results indicate that the maximum strength was attained on 8% admixture treated soil. Thus calcined clay acts as a natural cost-effective and eco-friendly stabilizer in place of replacement of cement to stabilize expansive soil which develops the strength characteristics of the expansive soil and also reduces environmental pollution.

In this paper, first we extend theorem of Goebel-Schoneberg for non-expansive representations of a left amenable semitopological semigroup on a nonempty subset D of a Hilbert space H. Then we state and prove a common absolute fixed point theorem for these semigroups.